Article written with @may.psychologist Abstract   This article offers a critical overview of attachment theory, beginning with the original formulations of Bowlby and Ainsworth — including an in-depth treatment of the four attachment styles, including the disorganized pattern described by Main and Solomon — through to the most recent theoretical reworkings by Hinde and Ugazio. The aim is to question the presumed universality of the classical model, exploring how cultural, con

Article co-authored with @may.psychologist Abstract Chronic pain represents a complex clinical condition that transcends the simple physiological response to a harmful stimulus, configuring itself as a multidimensional experience characterized by biological, psychological, and social components. This article examines the neurobiological basis of pain chronicity, the mechanisms of central sensitization and neuroplasticity, as well as the psychological components that modulate

Abstract Vulnerability represents a fundamental paradox in intimate relationships: what we perceive as weakness is actually the foundation of authentic intimacy. This article explores the connection between attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980) and the capacity to be vulnerable in adult relationships, integrating contemporary research on shame and courage (Brown, 2012, 2015). Through analysis of attachment styles and their behavioral correlates, it is highlighted how i

Abstract Valentine's Day represents a culturally significant moment that can generate social pressure and unrealistic expectations in romantic relationships. This article examines how performative expectations, fueled by idealized romantic narratives, can negatively influence the quality of intimate relationships. Through the analysis of attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969), love languages (Chapman, 1992), and empirical research on couple dynamics (Gottman & Silver, 1999), it is

Introduction When we face a situation perceived as threatening or traumatic, our nervous system automatically activates a series of protective responses that have deep roots in our evolution. These responses – commonly identified as fight, flight, freeze, and fawn – represent survival strategies that the body and mind have developed to ensure our safety (Porges, 2011; van der Kolk, 2014). While these reactions are adaptive in contexts of real danger, they can become problemat

Abstract Parental language represents one of the most influential factors in children's psychological, emotional, and cognitive development. This article reviews the scientific evidence on the impact of parental verbal communication on children's and adolescents' identity formation, self-esteem, and cognitive abilities. Through an analysis of recent literature in developmental psychology, neuroscience, and attachment theory, it emerges that parental words do not constitute si

Article written in collaboration with  @psyalessia_pasquali Definition and Theoretical Models of Giftedness Giftedness has historically been associated almost exclusively with intelligence quotient, but contemporary literature has largely moved beyond this reductionist view. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Lewis Terman initiated one of the first systematic studies on children with high cognitive potential, emphasizing that elevated intelligence was a relatively sta

Article written in collaboration with @martinaorlando_psicologa Introduction: Why do we react like this? Understanding your emotional reactions is one of the most complex challenges in everyday life. Many people experience moments of hyperactivation or hyposatisfaction without being able to explain what "triggered” that response. In psychology, two theoretical and practical tools prove particularly useful for giving order to what happens inside us: the ABC model , initially p

Article written in collaboration with @ psicologa_giuliamoretti Parents and Adolescents in Contemporary Society Raising an adolescent child in contemporary society represents a complex challenge that involves psychological, relational, cultural, and social dimensions. Parents are required to perform their role within a context characterized by rapid change, where values, educational models, and normative references are less stable than in the past. The family is no longer the

Article written in collaboration with @MERIODOC Introduction to Attachment Styles Attachment theory originated within developmental psychology to explain the human need to form meaningful emotional bonds. John Bowlby conceptualized attachment as an innate motivational system aimed at seeking safety from significant others (Bowlby, 1969). These early bonds influence emotional regulation and relational patterns across the lifespan. Repeated experiences with caregivers contribut

Introduction In recent years, the consumption of audiovisual content has undergone a profound transformation following the widespread diffusion of digital streaming platforms. The possibility of instant access to entire seasons of television series has substantially modified viewing habits, promoting increasingly prolonged and continuous patterns of consumption. Within this context, the phenomenon of binge-watching has emerged, defined as the consecutive viewing of multiple e

Article written in collaboration with  @VIVI.INSIGHT Introduction The question “Who am I?” has traversed the history of philosophy and psychology, assuming different meanings depending on the theoretical frameworks employed. Within psychodynamic approaches, and particularly in Carl Gustav Jung’s analytical psychology, identity is not conceived as a simple and immediately accessible unity. Instead, the psyche is understood as a complex, stratified, and dynamic structure in whi

Article written in collaboration with @valentina.salerno.psi Identity as a relational construction Personal identity is often thought of as something internal, stable, and autonomous, but clinical psychology and psychoanalysis show how it is the result of a deeply relational process. From the earliest stages of life, the Self is not constituted in isolation, but rather within an intersubjective field in which the gaze of the other plays a foundational function. Winnicott (196

Introduction Daniel Keyes's book The Minds of Billy Milligan (The Minds of Billy Milligan) represents one of the most controversial and controversial texts in the history of clinical and forensic psychology. Published in 1981, the volume tells the true story of Billy Milligan, the first American defendant acquitted of insanity based on a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder (DID), then known as multiple personality disorder. Keyes's work lies in liminal territory betwe

Article written in collaboration with @ martinaorlando_psicologa Introduction Emotional regulation represents one of the most central skills for psychological well-being. Over the past few decades, several neuroscientific models have helped clarify how humans manage stress, emotions, and relationships. Among these, the Window of Tolerance is today one of the most used concepts in contemporary psychotherapy to explain how the nervous system works in conditions of equilibrium o

Article written in collaboration with  @spazioemozione Introduction: Why Talk About Executive Functions and Neurodivergence Today In recent years, the concept of neurodivergence has gained increasing visibility both in scientific debate and in public discourse, profoundly reshaping the way neurodevelopmental conditions such as ADHD, autism, and specific learning disorders are understood. This shift concerns not only the language used, but also implies a substantial revision o

Article written in collaboration with @cristinasofia_psicologa Introduction In 1953, English psychologist Colin Cherry conducted a series of experiments to understand how humans can follow a conversation in noisy environments, such as a cocktail or a party (Cherry, 1953). His findings led to the identification of a phenomenon now known as the “Cocktail Party Effect”, which represents the ability to focus attention on a single auditory stream while ignoring others, while uncon

Article written in collaboration with  @donatellabevacqua_psicologa Grief as a Complex Neuropsychological Process Grief is a multidimensional process that involves emotional, cognitive, bodily, and relational aspects, and it cannot be reduced to a linear sequence of universal stages. Contemporary theories of grief emphasize that loss activates attachment systems, emotional regulation mechanisms, and meaning-making processes, with highly variable outcomes across individuals (S

Article written in collaboration with @mensana.psy Introduction The history of intelligence theories represents a trajectory shaped by theoretical shifts, methodological debates, and continuous attempts at integration. From Charles Spearman’s early factorial models to today’s multilayered frameworks, the concept of intelligence has evolved from a monolithic construct to a dynamic and stratified system. Psychometric and neuroscientific research has progressively shown that cog

Article written in collaboration with   @psicoatelierpordenone Defining Procrastination Beyond Common Misconceptions Procrastination is commonly defined as the intentional delay of a planned course of action despite awareness that this delay will lead to negative consequences (Steel, 2007). This definition is particularly important because it distinguishes procrastination from simple time management difficulties or the need to reorganize priorities. Procrastination, in fact,