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Article written in collaboration with @psy___rob Introduction: Beyond the Disorder Model For many decades, ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) has been primarily interpreted through a medical–deficit model, focused on the idea of a dysfunction to be corrected or normalized. This approach has contributed to the construction of a narrative centered on what individuals with ADHD “cannot do,” emphasizing shortcomings, failures, and persistent difficulties. As a result

Article written in collaboration with @valentina.salerno.psi Identity as a relational construction Personal identity is often thought of as something internal, stable, and autonomous, but clinical psychology and psychoanalysis show how it is the result of a deeply relational process. From the earliest stages of life, the Self is not constituted in isolation, but rather within an intersubjective field in which the gaze of the other plays a foundational function. Winnicott (196

Introduction Daniel Keyes's book The Minds of Billy Milligan (The Minds of Billy Milligan) represents one of the most controversial and controversial texts in the history of clinical and forensic psychology. Published in 1981, the volume tells the true story of Billy Milligan, the first American defendant acquitted of insanity based on a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder (DID), then known as multiple personality disorder. Keyes's work lies in liminal territory betwe

Article written in collaboration with @ martinaorlando_psicologa Introduction Emotional regulation represents one of the most central skills for psychological well-being. Over the past few decades, several neuroscientific models have helped clarify how humans manage stress, emotions, and relationships. Among these, the Window of Tolerance is today one of the most used concepts in contemporary psychotherapy to explain how the nervous system works in conditions of equilibrium o

Article written in collaboration with @neurodivergent_coaching Introduction The case of David Reimer remains one of the most influential and controversial case studies in the history of psychology. It is frequently cited in discussions of gender identity development, research ethics, trauma psychology, and the nature versus nurture debate. David Reimer was born biologically male in 1965, but after a catastrophic medical accident in infancy, he was raised as a girl under the g

Article written in collaboration with  @spazioemozione Introduction: Why Talk About Executive Functions and Neurodivergence Today In recent years, the concept of neurodivergence has gained increasing visibility both in scientific debate and in public discourse, profoundly reshaping the way neurodevelopmental conditions such as ADHD, autism, and specific learning disorders are understood. This shift concerns not only the language used, but also implies a substantial revision o

Article written in collaboration with @cristinasofia_psicologa Introduction In 1953, English psychologist Colin Cherry conducted a series of experiments to understand how humans can follow a conversation in noisy environments, such as a cocktail or a party (Cherry, 1953). His findings led to the identification of a phenomenon now known as the “Cocktail Party Effect”, which represents the ability to focus attention on a single auditory stream while ignoring others, while uncon

Article written in collaboration with  @donatellabevacqua_psicologa Grief as a Complex Neuropsychological Process Grief is a multidimensional process that involves emotional, cognitive, bodily, and relational aspects, and it cannot be reduced to a linear sequence of universal stages. Contemporary theories of grief emphasize that loss activates attachment systems, emotional regulation mechanisms, and meaning-making processes, with highly variable outcomes across individuals (S

Article written in collaboration with @mensana.psy Introduction The history of intelligence theories represents a trajectory shaped by theoretical shifts, methodological debates, and continuous attempts at integration. From Charles Spearman’s early factorial models to today’s multilayered frameworks, the concept of intelligence has evolved from a monolithic construct to a dynamic and stratified system. Psychometric and neuroscientific research has progressively shown that cog

Article written in collaboration with   @psicoatelierpordenone Defining Procrastination Beyond Common Misconceptions Procrastination is commonly defined as the intentional delay of a planned course of action despite awareness that this delay will lead to negative consequences (Steel, 2007). This definition is particularly important because it distinguishes procrastination from simple time management difficulties or the need to reorganize priorities. Procrastination, in fact,

Article co-authored with @PSY.CORE___ The Rorschach Test represents one of the most complex and studied psychodiagnostic tools in the history of clinical psychology. Introduced by Hermann Rorschach in 1921, the test is based on the idea that the perception of ambiguous stimuli can reveal profound aspects of psychological functioning, not always accessible through self-report methods (Rorschach, 1921).  Contrary to the collective imagination that reduces it to a simple interpr

Article written in collaboration with @GIULIAMATO.PSICOLOGA The contribution of the Palo Alto School and, in particular, Paul Watzlawick, Janet H. Beavin, and Don D. Jackson, represented a turning point in the study of human communication. With the publication of Pragmatics of Human Communication (Watzlawick, Beavin, & Jackson, 1967), communication is observed not only as the transmission of content, but as a circular, complex and decisive process for the construction of rela

Introduction: From the Minor as Object to the Minor as Subject of Rights The evolution of the concept of informed consent in healthcare and psychological settings reflects a profound cultural and legal transformation in the way minors are perceived. The Italian legal system has progressively moved beyond a paternalistic view in which the child was considered merely an object of protection and decision-making by others, toward recognizing the minor as a subject holding individ

Article co-authored with @thealmightybreath We live in an age where the boundaries between online and offline living are increasingly blurred. Smartphones, social media, notifications, and digital platforms structure our daily lives, influencing our body rhythms, relationships, and the way we perceive ourselves. It is not surprising, therefore, that digital anxiety has become one of the most discussed phenomena by both scientific research and mental health professionals. Anxi

Article written in collaboration with @CUPOFTHERAPY Introduction: Mental health and the digital environment In recent years, the smartphone has become a constant presence in daily life, accompanying moments of pause, anticipation, boredom, and even emotional regulation. Continuous access to social media has transformed the way people seek distraction, connection, and emotional restraint, making the line between functional use and automatic use increasingly blurred. Many users

Article written in collaboration with @_psicoparole What Are Lucid Dreams Lucid dreams are a phenomenon in which individuals become aware, while dreaming, that the experience they are living is in fact a dream. This particular form of awareness has been described in the scientific literature as a hybrid state combining cognitive processes typical of wakefulness with the vivid imagery of REM sleep. The first systematic experimental work on lucidity dates back to Stephen LaBerg

Post written in collaboration with  @luisazaccarelli_psicoterapeuta Introduction Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is a clinical construct introduced by Somer (2002) to describe an intense, prolonged, and difficult-to-control form of imaginative activity, characterized by complex, narratively structured, and highly emotionally engaging fantasies. Unlike common mind-wandering or normative daydreaming, MD is associated with a significant impairment of daily functioning, interfering

A year of discoveries reshaping our understanding of human development and mental health General Introduction The year 2025 represented a major turning point for psychology, marking an increasingly clear convergence between empirical research, digital technology, neuroscience, and the social sciences. The evidence emerging this year not only refined well-established theoretical models but also challenged long-standing assumptions about the nature of mental disorders, human de

Article written in collaboration with: @inpsycheveritas_ Introduction Cognitive dissonance is a fundamental concept in social psychology, introduced by Leon Festinger in 1957. It describes the psychological discomfort that arises when our thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors are not consistent with one another. This phenomenon is not limited to major life decisions; it also manifests in everyday choices, such as time management or eating habits (Festinger, 1957; Cooper, 2019). Un

Introduction to Statistics in Psychology Statistics are fundamental to psychology because they allow researchers to study behavior using systematic and objective methods. Human behavior is complex, variable, and influenced by many factors, making intuitive conclusions unreliable. Statistical methods provide a structured way to analyze this complexity. As a result, psychology relies heavily on statistics to establish scientific credibility (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2017). Psycholo