Article written in collaboration with @ppsycotips When trauma leaves different traces Psychological trauma is one of the most complex and devastating human experiences. Yet not all traumas resemble one another, and not all of their consequences follow the same path. In recent decades, clinical research has clarified a fundamental distinction: that between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD). Understanding this difference i

Abstract Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (C-PTSD) represent two clinically distinct responses to traumatic experience. Although they share some symptomatological features, they differ substantially in etiology, clinical presentation, impact on global functioning, and therapeutic implications. This article examines the theoretical and empirical foundations of this distinction, with reference to the major international nosographic systems (ICD-11, DSM-5-TR