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Object permanence —the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight—has long been regarded as a critical milestone in cognitive development. Historically, Jean Piaget (1954) argued that infants do not attain this concept until approximately nine months of age, based on observations that younger infants fail to search for hidden objects. In her influential 1987 article, Renée Baillargeon presents evidence that fundamentally revises this developmental tim

Introduction In the vast landscape of autism literature, few books capture both the raw reality of lived experience and the nuanced complexities of the condition as powerfully as Julian and I by Vanessa Stelling. This is not a clinical manual, nor a simplistic tale of triumph—it is an honest chronicle of a mother navigating uncharted territory: the sudden regression of her child into autism. For parents, educators, and mental health professionals alike, this book offers a le

In the last decade—and especially since the COVID-19 pandemic—psychology has been undergoing a profound shift. The traditional image of therapy, where a patient sits across from a clinician in a quiet office, is being joined (and sometimes replaced) by new digital formats. From video-based teletherapy to mental health apps , wearables , and even virtual reality programs , digital interventions are transforming how psychological support is delivered. But what do we really kno

The human brain is widely regarded as one of the most intricate and dynamic structures in biology. Far from being a static organ, its development is a prolonged, carefully orchestrated process that begins before birth and continues into the mid-20s. This trajectory not only illuminates how typical cognitive and emotional functioning arises but also sheds light on the origins of psychological and neurological disorders. By tracing the stages of brain development, researchers a

The Power of Neuroplasticity: How the Brain Rewires Itself When most people think about the brain, they often imagine it as a static machine — like a computer, programmed once and for all. For centuries, scientists shared a similar belief: after childhood development, the brain’s structure and functions were considered largely fixed (Doidge, 2007). However, advances in neuroscience have challenged this assumption. Today, researchers recognize that the brain is not rigid but i

Piaget’s Central Idea: Children as Active Constructors of Knowledge

Why Do People Obey Harmful Orders?