Article written in collaboration with @hasnaa.tarik.psych Abstract Addiction is among the most misunderstood conditions in both clinical and public discourse. Commonly attributed to moral failure or lack of willpower, it is in fact a complex, chronic brain disorder rooted in neurobiological processes involving the dopamine reward system, stress-response circuits, and prefrontal regulatory mechanisms. This article provides an in-depth review of the neuroscience of addiction, e